Underused Woody Ornamentals: The Joys of Silverbells – Halesia Carolina

In early May, before leaf emergence, a profusion of pendulous, delicate white bells emerges. I have read in some references that you need to be within ten inches of the flowering display to really appreciate its glory. I don't necessarily agree with that assessment. Sure, they are lovely close up and really do deserve to be admired, but the display can equally be enjoyed across the yard. The length of the display depends on the spring weather, cooler weather supports a longer bloom while warmer weather burns through the blooming period. The early flowers are welcomed by bumblebees, one of the few available sources of nectar. In addition to the lovely flowers, silverbells develop 4 winged capsules that persist on the tree through winter. Fall color is unremarkable, usually yellow.

Carolina silverbell is an understory tree native to the southeastern US, hardy to zone 5. Its small size, 30-40 ft tall and 25-30 ft wide, and its ability to grow in part to full sun, make it a good choice for patios, woodland edges, or a specimen tree in a landscape border. It does not have a 'formal' growing habit and needs to be coaxed into single stem growth through early pruning. It is also advisable to remove lower branches, as it has a tendency to branch low to the ground. This small tree prefers moist, well-drained soils as is typical for many understory trees. Carolina silverbell is sensitive to drought and compaction and may develop chlorosis in high pH soils. Because of these limitations, I would avoid using this tree as a lawn specimen.

I like to combine Carolina silverbell with other acid-loving spring flowering plants. It looks stunning with rhododendrons and azaleas or surrounded by dark green evergreens, such as Cephalotaxus harringtonia 'Prostrata", false plum yew. I find it is easier to appreciate its natural beauty in a more informal landscape, its casual appearance doesn't work well with formal hedges. Another advantage to this tree is that normally deer are quite disinterested in browsing on its foliage, always a plus in Pennsylvania! Look for Carolina silverbell in containers, research has shown greater establishment success in container-grown stock than B&B. I hope to see more of these graceful, beautiful natives in Pennsylvania landscapes. You will fall in love, I guarantee it.