Penn State Extension
Penn State Extension
Articles Creating Health and Nutrition: Selecting Cheese for Health
Stacy Reed, MS, Kerry E. Kaylegian, Ph.D., Rayna Cooper
This fact sheet provides dietary tips and an overview of the nutrition information of cheese, explains why cheeses are so different, and briefly describes how cheese is manufactured. More
Articles Marek's Disease in Chickens
Eva Wallner-Pendleton, DVM, MS, ACPV, Gregory P Martin, Ph.D., PAS
Marek’s Disease is by far one of the most common illnesses in small flocks and not treatable once the clinical signs have begun. Yet, it is one of the most preventable illnesses using vaccination. More
Articles National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) Biosecurity Planning
Gregory P Martin, Ph.D., PAS
A formal plan for biosecurity is being directed by USDA/NPIP that will eventually lead to audits for those farms participating in this program. A NPIP biosecurity plan would augment a farm's overall HPAI control program. More
Articles Farmstead and Artisan Cheesemaking
Sarah Cornelisse, Kerry E. Kaylegian, Ph.D., Lynn Kime, Jayson K. Harper, Ph.D., Emily Montgomery
The renaissance of farm-based dairy processing can be attractive, but it is imperative that farmers research and plan all aspects of a new enterprise. More
Writing Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (SSOPs)
Kerry E. Kaylegian, Ph.D.
Consistently using correct cleaning and sanitizing procedures in dairy and food processing plants is the foundation to producing high quality, safe food. More
Articles Key Concepts of Cleaning and Sanitizing
Kerry E. Kaylegian, Ph.D.
Proper cleaning and sanitizing is essential to producing high quality, safe dairy foods. A well-informed and trained staff provides the foundation for safe food processing. More
Articles Cleaning and Sanitizing Wood Boards for Cheese Aging
Kerry E. Kaylegian, Ph.D.
The traditional practice of using wood boards for cheese aging must meet the contemporary practice of sanitation to ensure food safety. More
Guides and Publications Pennsylvania Dairy Plant and Raw Milk Directory
Kerry E. Kaylegian, Ph.D.
72
$3.85
This 2014 publication provides a listing of the dairy foods permit holders in Pennsylvania, including dairies holding PDA grade A, non-grade A, manufacturing, aged cheese, and raw milk permits. More
Articles Spotted Lanternfly on Grapes and Tree Fruit
Julie Urban, Dave Biddinger, Ph.D., Ed Rajotte, Ph.D.
Biology, management and slowing the spread of the spotted lanternfly on grapes and tree fruit in the Mid-Atlantic Region. More
Tools and Apps Penn State Extension Cheese Tracking System
Kerry E. Kaylegian, Ph.D.
The Cheese Tracking System helps cheesemakers track quality and consistency attributes in order to improve their cheese and troubleshoot problems. More
Articles Zimmerman Pine Moth
Ed Rajotte, Ph.D.
Field identification is usually through the presence of a popcornlike pitch mass on the main trunk. Damage includes reddish, sawdustlike frass at bore holes. More
Articles White Pine Weevils
Ed Rajotte, Ph.D.
White pine weevil adults have long snouts and elbowed antenna with terminal knobs. Damage includes a typical "shepherd's crook" wilt. More
Articles Vertebrate Pests of Christmas Trees
Ed Rajotte, Ph.D.
Birds tend not to be a big problem associated with Christmas tree production, but damage occasionally occurs to the tops, particularly of taller trees. More
Articles White Pine Blister Rust
Ed Rajotte, Ph.D.
A small, yellow or red spot appears on the needle at the site of infection and the needle may die as the fungus grows into the bark. Damage shows up as dead or dying branches. More
Articles White Grubs (May, June and Japanese Beetles)
Ed Rajotte, Ph.D.
Larvae of white grubs feed on roots of conifer seedlings and transplants. Damage includes seedling discoloration (reddish brown) in late summer to early fall. More
Articles Swiss Needle Cast
Ed Rajotte, Ph.D.
Symptoms are present on Douglas fir needles within 3 years of infection. The fruiting bodies can be seen with a hand lens. Damage includes dieback of needle tips resembling drought damage. More
Articles Striped Pine Scale
Ed Rajotte, Ph.D.
The coverings of adult female scales resemble miniature helmets. They are reddish brown and may have cream or white stripes. Damage may show as black sooty mold. More
Articles Spruce Spider Mites
Ed Rajotte, Ph.D.
Spruce spider mites can develop from an egg to an adult in 2–3 weeks under normal conditions. Damage includes small, irregularly shaped yellow spots (“stippling”) on needles. More
Articles Spruce Needle Rust
Ed Rajotte, Ph.D.
Infected trees may appear disfigured and have extensive needle discoloration, reduced growth, and premature needle drop. Damage will show as pale yellow bands that go completely around the needle. More
Articles Rhizosphaera Needle Cast
Ed Rajotte, Ph.D.
Young trees sustain the most severe damage from rhizosphaera needle cast, but trees of any size can be affected. Damage causes discoloration of needles. More
Articles Rhabdocline Needle Cast
Ed Rajotte, Ph.D.
This infection occurs around bud break, when buds are opening to expose susceptible immature needles. Damage shows up as yellow spots or flecks that enlarge with time. More
Articles Red-Band (Dothistroma) Needle Blight
Ed Rajotte, Ph.D.
Red-band needle blight occurs throughout the growing season during wet periods. Initial symptoms include dark green bands on the needles, quickly replaced with brown or reddish-brown lesions. More
Articles Ploioderma Needle Cast
Ed Rajotte, Ph.D.
Although Ploioderma needle cast occurs in spring, symptoms are not apparent until winter when yellow spots and bands appear, giving the needles a mottled appearance. More
Articles Pine Wilt Disease
Ed Rajotte, Ph.D.
Pinewood nematodes spread from infected to healthy pines in the spring through contaminated pine sawyer beetles. Needles turn yellow then reddish brown. More
Articles Pine Shoot Beetle
Ed Rajotte, Ph.D.
Although they can survive as mature larvae or pupae, pine shoot beetles most often overwinter as adults in the bark or lower stems at the base of trees. Damage includes shoot and branch injury More