Innovaciones en Sistemas de Formación de Duraznos

Ah, innovations in peach training systems! Innovative peach tree training architectures have the potential to improve productivity and orchard management efficiency. In this short video, we'll walk you through the steps to train all of the most promising systems evaluated in The natural shape of the peach tree is a cup, and the standard training system has been an open cup The lack of suitable dwarf stems limits the degree of orchard intensification, and this is one of the reasons why this type of training remained A modified cup is a V-shape with one to three main branches on either side of the trunk, facing perpendicularly to the row. This uniform architecture is adaptable to tighter row spacing, which can result in high early production and increases Our horticulture team, with support from some growers, has been comparing three two-dimensional systems with the standard cup system. These systems were initially developed under California planting conditions and adapted to our orchard training practices. In the mid-Atlantic, the intensive systems analyzed were: a perpendicular system with two main branches and trees planted five feet apart; a square or four-branch system with four branches and trees planted seven feet apart; and a hexagonal or ex-b system with six branches and trees planted ten The four- and six-branch systems were the most productive, yielding more fruiting area per acre than the perpendicular system and filling space faster than open-canopy systems planted closer together. They also produced most of the fruit measuring two three-quarters to three inches in diameter, demonstrating that large fruit is possible with good maintenance practices if pruning is done on time and sufficient irrigation is applied. When deciding whether or not to try the xxvi or quad b system, consider the crop value, return on investment, and new market opportunities. The more valuable the crop, the greater the value of increasing tree density. Also consider opportunities to simplify pruning and crop load management. The basic principles for training peach or nectarine trees in the 4 or xxvi system are: Similar and these are the steps starting when planting: plant square trees on full-size stems at 7 feet between trees and 16 feet between rows, making adjustments to the soil. In crops where growth is weaker or stronger, plant trees at 10 feet between trees by 16 to 18 feet between rows. Direct the trees when planting and remove suckers at the bottom of the trunk. The height of the head depends on the caliber of the tree but is generally 18 to 24 inches above the ground line. Keep more branches than you need on both sides of the trunk perpendicular to the row so you can select the best 2 or 3 the following dormant season. Prune to leave two to four viable buds on each side. Since the new shoots have grown about 10 to 12 inches in this first season, pinch them back by half during the rest of the first season. Walk through the orchard periodically to remove vertical branches or branches that are too low on the trunk. At the beginning of the second season or second leaf, select the permanent branches on either side, turning towards the row. For the guide, this is 2 per side for the square V and 3 per leader for the hexagonal V. Remove all other branches if the number or quality of the main branches is insufficient. Prune 1 or 2 as needed. Trim the side shoots on the selected main branches to create a single leader. This will allow the tree to fill the space more quickly. At the beginning of the second season, begin training each main branch at a 25-30 degree angle vertically. Install the 7-foot bamboo poles in the ground at this angle and secure them with two turns of tape where they cross the trunk. Tie the main branches to the bamboo in two places initially and continue adding ties as they grow. Training needs are minimal for the remainder of the second season. Do a quick sweep of the trunk to remove any crow's foot at the end of the first leaf where the terminal bud forms and to select an appropriate number of main branches from any pruning done at the beginning of the second leaf. Also, cut off any very vigorous or abundant side shoots on the main branches. These side shoots are fruitful for The first harvest occurs at the third leaf stage, so be careful not to thin them too much at this stage of tree growth. Trees are not typically allowed to bear fruit until the third season in northeastern climates. This allows the canopy to grow and fill its space without competition from the fruit. Strategic pruning and training begin to yield results at the beginning of the third year. Select 10 fruiting laterals per main branch, assuming two fruits per lateral and each peach is 2.3 to 3 inches. This allows for a crop of 250 to 300 fruits per acre, an adequate crop level for young trees that continue to fill their space. After the trees fill their allotted space, leave up to 15 fruiting laterals per main branch, again with two fruits each, for a total of 400 to 425 fruits per acre, making adjustments for differences in tree vigor. The objectives of pruning mature trees are to optimize sunlight capture, which will improve fruit size and quality at this stage. Trees need light pruning in July to remove vigorous shoots that shade the lower parts of the tree. Dormant pruning consists of removing branches that are more than one year old or cutting back secondary branches to the first fruiting lateral branch. The ideal fortification shoots to maintain are 10 to 18 inches long with a basal diameter of a quarter of an inch or slightly more. Although canopy training has dominated as the predominant system in the East for more than 150 years, the results of our research at Penn State show that we are behind in making a change in peach orchard training systems. The Quad VE and XXVI systems are productive and are easy-to-train fruit walls that can facilitate mechanization for greater precision in management and greater labor efficiency. For more information on establishing and training orchards, visit the Penn State Extension Office's fruit production website. Growing fruit trees is a new adventure for you. Gather as much information as possible before planting. Also, consider taking a commercial fruit growing course at