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Decision-making in agriculture affects the distribution of materials such as crops and manure within farms, and the movement of materials such as feeds and farm products to and from farms.

Information for farmers and gardeners who want to understand the physical, chemical, and biological components of healthy soil and how to manage them.

Study soil and water, and crop, pest, and nutrient management, the agronomy areas you are required to know for the Pennsylvania Certified Crop Adviser exam.

Soil acidity is among the important environmental factors which can influence plant growth, and can seriously limit crop production.

Nutrient management traditionally has been concerned with optimizing the economic returns from nutrients used to produce a crop.

The burrowing and feeding activity of earthworms have numerous beneficial effects on overall soil quality for crop production.

The seed delivery system in drills is not as precise as that used in planters because they use flutes or sponges to meter seed instead of seed singulation.

Weeds are plants whose undesirable qualities outweigh their good points.

Soil compaction is the reduction of soil volume due to external factors; this reduction lowers soil productivity and environmental quality.

The increasing size of farm equipment may cause significant soil compaction that can negatively affect soil productivity as well as environmental quality.

Establishes rapidly, has a long growing season, possesses high nutrient contents, and can be grazed and used for hay or silage.