Energy Use and Efficiency
On this page, Explore Penn State Extension’s resources on alternative and renewable energy efficiency and usage. Find educational information on biogas production, biomass heating, green buildings, and farm energy efficiency. Tips on running diesel engines, converting waste to energy, and using wood stoves efficiently are available as well.
Save Money on the Electricity Bill
Making the switch to renewable and alternative energy sources can save homeowners and businesses money by reducing their energy bills. Depending on capacity and energy usage, these resources can cover a significant part of the household’s or operation’s electricity needs.
In greenhouses, energy is one of the top operating expenses. Making the operation more energy efficient is key for reducing these costs. Common strategies to improve energy efficiency in greenhouses include tightening up the house to prevent cold air from leaking in, adding a thermal screen, insulating the perimeter, and tuning the control system.
Along with installing renewable energy systems, Pennsylvanians can choose to use a real-time pricing rate for electricity instead of a rate that is averaged over the course of the year. Real-time pricing provides the opportunity to take advantage of hourly variations in electricity and save money by buying energy at lower prices.
In this section, find information and advice on improving renewable energy efficiency and reducing electricity costs, including an online energy selector tool. Additionally, learn how bioenergy can be utilized in sustainable, energy-efficient buildings.
Lower Heating Costs
Choosing to heat with renewable fuels can be a good option for homeowners and business owners looking to reduce the amount of fossil fuel they use and lower their energy costs. Depending on the current heating fuel used, a considerable amount on the heating bill can be saved by switching to wood heat. Property owners can make the shift towards more energy-efficient homes by replacing heating oil boilers with pellet boilers or by using a high-efficiency wood stove.
Using the Heating Energy Cost Analyzer tool allows homeowners, farmers, and businesses to compare a number of different heating fuels and determine whether switching to a new source could save them money. By far, wood is among the most favored biomass fuels for combustion systems in PA.
Energy Cost and Efficiency
For farmers classified as commercial or industrial electricity customers, the cost of electricity is not a flat fee per kWh. It is worth knowing that the load factor can influence the cost per kWh for the billing period. Calculating the load factor can provide a good indication of how the electricity demand is being managed.
If the load factor is below 50%, a review of the entire operation is needed to determine the cause and improve the farm's energy efficiency. Overall, farmers and landowners can save both energy and money by implementing practices such as using drip irrigation and utilizing energy-efficient equipment. Join the Farm Energy Day workshop to learn more about renewable energy solutions available to farmers and landowners.
Agricultural producers interested in improving their energy use and profitability can use Penn State Extension’s Farm Energy Efficiency program. In addition, farmers and landowners can benefit from Extension’s wide array of resources and obtain valuable information on choosing high-efficiency farm lighting, improving energy use in horticultural operations, and applying energy conservation measures on dairy farms.
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Guide to the Penn State Extension Energy Team
The Energy Team is dedicated to empowering agricultural producers, businesses, and communities to make informed decisions about energy production and use. - Webinars
Free
Harvesting Innovation: AI Meets Animal Welfare
When Watch NowLength 1 hourRecorded Jun 17, 2025Explore how AI is revolutionizing calf care—detect illness early, reduce antibiotics, and improve welfare, productivity, and sustainability in modern dairy systems. - Articles
Geothermal Energy and Agriculture in Pennsylvania
Deep underground in Pennsylvania, there's a considerable amount of heat, thousands of times more energy than the state uses yearly. - Articles
Heat Pump Basics
Heat pumps offer an energy-efficient alternative to furnaces and air conditioners for all climates. - Articles
Virtual Power Plants Explained
Virtual power plants (VPP) are an innovative idea that seeks to make our electric grid more efficient and resilient. - Articles
Using Your Wood Stove Efficiently and Effectively
Wood Stove Efficiency: Using a high-efficiency stove, using dry wood, keeping the fire hot, and not starving the fire. - Tools and Apps
Tractor Engine Block Heater Timer Calculator
Use this tool to estimate energy and cost savings from installing an engine heater timer for your tractor. - Articles
Real-time Pricing for Electricity
Real-time pricing for electricity: why it matters, how and when prices vary, purchasing when prices are low, and knowing prices and controlling load. - Articles
Green Buildings and Bioenergy
What are Green buildings and bioenergy, and how can bioenergy work in green buildings? - Tools and Apps
Field Operations Energy Calculator
Use this calculator tool to estimate energy use from various field operations for a farm. - Tools and Apps
Dairy Vacuum Pump VSD Energy Calculator
Calculate the energy savings from adding a Variable Speed Drive (VSD) to a milking system - Tools and Apps
Barn Ventilation Energy Calculator
Estimate energy savings from efficient barn ventilation - Articles
An Introduction to Biomass Heating
Combustion process, fuel choices, equipment, obtaining biomass fuels, and emissions and pollution. - Articles
Exploring Small Modular Reactors: The Future of Clean Energy?
Let's look at SMRs, their proposed uses, and their development and adoption timeline in replacing coal power plants. - Tools and Apps
Farm Motor Upgrade Energy Calculator
Use this calculator tool to estimate energy and cost savings from high efficiency electric motors. - Tools and Apps
Dairy Well Water PreCooler Energy Calculator
Use this calculator to estimate the energy savings from using well water to pre-cool milk on the farm. - Articles
Solar PV Electric Systems: Is There a Good Fit for Me?
What photo voltaic (PV) electric solar systems are, the differences between roof-mounted and ground-mounted arrays, and how to determine which size is best for you. - Articles
Powering Homes and Businesses: The Journey of Electricity
Electricity is integral to our daily lives, lighting our homes and fueling businesses. - Articles
Policy Landscape of Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic digesters can offer renewable energy, increased profitability, and sustainability for farms. - Webinars
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Farm Energy Day: Poultry Farm Energy Efficiency Opportunities
When Watch NowRecorded May 6, 2021Discover ways to improve energy use and reduce cost on your poultry farm. - Webinars
Free
Farm Energy Day: Dairy Farm Energy Efficiency Opportunities
When Watch NowRecorded Apr 29, 2021Learn about dairy farm energy efficiency, how to save energy, and equipment and control upgrades during this webinar. - Webinars
Free
Farm Energy Day: Analyzing Your Farm's Utility Bills
When Watch NowRecorded Apr 22, 2021Ensure you are not overpaying on your farm's energy bill by learning what the details on your bill mean to you and your energy use! - Webinars
Free
Farm Energy Day: Biogas Digesters for Heat and Power
When Watch NowRecorded Apr 15, 2021Learn about digesters, and how they can work for your farm, during this webinar. - Webinars
Free
Farm Energy Day: Making the Most of Your Heating Options
When Watch NowRecorded Apr 8, 2021Learn about different heating options for your farm, including keeping animals warm with space heat and grains dry with process heat and more! - Webinars
Free
Farm Energy Day: High Efficiency Lighting
When Watch NowRecorded Apr 1, 2021Learn about the most energy-efficient improvements you can make to your farm.



























