Marketing and Sales
Access Penn State Extension’s educational resources on agricultural marketing and business management. Comprehensive information is available on value-added agriculture, organic produce, and social media and internet marketing.
Agricultural Marketing
Marketing is an important component for the success of agricultural businesses. With effective agricultural marketing, farmers can increase profits, boost sales, and reach out to more customers. The first step to successfully market food products is knowing your customers. Researching the target market gives you the ability to uncover many details about a consumer before you start communicating with them.
Making the most of that research – and using it to interpret what consumers need – is integral for a winning agricultural marketing and sales effort. The data gathered can be utilized to create beneficial strategies that reach the right market. Organic production and marketing, for instance, is a strategy that can add value to a new agribusiness and set it apart.
Many farmers choose to market their products directly to customers at farmers’ markets, fairs, and roadside stands. Compared to selling wholesale, direct marketing allows a higher degree of flexibility and control.
On this page, find information on the marketing of agriculture products. Discover how to design and implement marketing strategies for value-added products and agritourism businesses. For practical tips and best practices, join the Under the Ground workshop, as well as the Food for Profit online course.
Pricing and Selling Farm Products
When running a seasonal business, adjusting the sales strategy throughout the year can prove beneficial for bringing in income while meeting customers’ needs. Strategies to diversify the farm’s income and achieve year-round sales include season extension, crop diversification, and value-added products.
Choosing the right price for each product, however, can be challenging. Pricing is an important strategic process that helps determine what price to attach to a product. Many agribusiness professionals utilize a combination of various product pricing methods, such as target return pricing, psychological pricing, and subscription pricing.
Use Penn State Extension’s Price and Pricing worksheet to estimate the number of units that must be sold to achieve a profitable sales goal. In addition, consider the Strategies for Successful Selling workshop and learn to improve sales pricing and in-depth winter sales strategies.
Online Marketing and Sales for Farm Businesses
In the United States, 90% of the adult population is online. This is why creating a sound digital marketing strategy – and optimizing your online presence – is essential. In addition, with the increased growth of e-commerce, the need for farms and agribusinesses to implement e-commerce into their farm marketing plan has become crucial.
Sales of agricultural products through e-commerce can facilitate advantages such as market outlet diversification, expanded customer base, and customer convenience. More to that, it allows for collecting valuable data on product sales and customers that can be used to fine-tune and improve the customers’ online experience.
In this section, access Penn State’s video series on online sales management to learn more about designing your online store, as well as picking and packing orders efficiently. Information on understanding different e-commerce payment methods is also available.
Marketing on Farm Markets
Farm markets provide a profitable and convenient way for local farmers to sell their products. When selling at farm markets, differentiating your products can make a big difference. An attractive display provides several benefits, including attracting customers, announcing a sale, and promoting slow-moving items.
To create an effective product display, consider your goals, budget, and theme. Good visual merchandising is further based on elements such as balance, focal point, color, and lighting. Explore hands-on strategies for farmers’ markets and roadside stands with Penn State Extension’s Retail Farm Market School. This online course will teach participants how to use produce science best practices, handle products, and implement merchandising and customer service strategies. A Farmers Market Managers Conference is available, as well.
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Articles7 Takeaways from Benchmark Survey of Markets
Survey of farmers markets and retail farm markets. -
ArticlesCommunity Supported Agriculture: Part II: Members and Their Role
Members and their role in CSAs. -
VideosFood Business Innovation: Using Social Media
Length 6:10This video introduces viewers to the practice of using social media networks as a tool for conducting market research. -
ArticlesCollaborative Marketing
Learn about collaborating with nearby businesses to fulfill consumers' needs. Is this an opportunity for your business? -
ArticlesDo Your Products Meet Your Customers' Values?
Many times when we introduce our products to the marketplace, we don't think about how our potential customers will view the product. -
ArticlesFinding and Keeping your CSA Members
Think about who your ideal Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) member is. Find them and keep them. -
ArticlesPricing Your Poultry
Small-scale poultry producers who market their products directly to the consumer sometimes find the ever increasing prices of inputs, particularly the cost of feed, a challenge. -
ArticlesChoosing the Right Market Channel
Diversified farming means being experts in production and having a market for each product. How we plan to sell our products is just as important as deciding how we will grow them. -
ArticlesSweet Corn Production
Initial investment is relatively low, and many field operations - such as land preparation, planting, and harvesting - can be custom-hired. -
ArticlesOff-Season and Accelerated Lamb Production
Sheep are ideally suited to small-scale and part-time farming operations in Pennsylvania due to their adaptability and nutritional versatility. -
ArticlesThe Joy of Farm Watching: A Roadside Guide to Pennsylvania Agriculture
This pocket-sized guide provides annotated roadside photographs of typical and common farm types in Pennsylvania and is intended as an introduction to farmology--the study of farms and farming. -
ArticlesSpring Lamb Production
Compared to most other livestock enterprises, spring lamb production has lower investment costs and labor requirements, and quicker returns on investment. -
ArticlesPepper Production
Peppers lend themselves well to small-scale and part-time farming operations. -
ArticlesOnion Production
Dry onions are a crop that lends itself well to small-scale and part-time farming operations. -
ArticlesA Guide to Developing a Social Media Strategy for Ag Entrepreneurs
This guide walks you through the stages of developing a successful social media strategy that meets the goals and objectives of your Ag business. -
ArticlesBeef Cow-Calf Production
The beef cow-calf business is well adapted to small-scale and part-time farmers who have land suitable for pasture and hay production. -
ArticlesCucumber Production
Multiple markets exist for growers with fewer than 5 acres, and many field operations, such as land preparation, planting, and harvesting, can be custom hired. -
ArticlesApple Production
Apples may be grown in many parts of the country and lend themselves well to part-time farming operations. -
WorkshopsRetail Farm Market Bus Tour
Length 8 hours per day over 2 consecutive daysAre you a retail farm market professional, looking for ideas to grow or promote your business? Join us for two days of networking opportunities as we tour markets in two states. -
ArticlesPeach Production
The life of the orchard is expected to be at least 20 years, so the initial investment may be spread over a longer period of time than many crops. -
Online Courses$279.00
Food for Profit
Sections 9Length 4 hours, 30 minutesIn this online course, small-scale food business entrepreneurs learn how to create a business using marketing, pricing, financing, and risk management tools. -
ArticlesDairy-Beef Production
Production of high-quality dairy-beef is relatively new to the beef industry and depends almost entirely on Holstein bull calves. -
Online Courses$169.00
Retail Farm Market School
Sections 9Length 6 hoursLearn to handle, prepare, and sell produce. Gain customer service, signage, ordering, and receiving strategies for markets and roadside stands. -
Young Grower Alliance
YGA offers educational opportunities for young fruit growers taking over the family operation, developing a new enterprise, or innovating production practices.



