Barley Straw
The problem
Excessive algae growth is one of the most
common problems occurring in ponds in Pennsylvania. Traditional mechanical and
chemical control methods are not always efficient or economical. In recent
years, the use of barley straw has become more common as an alternative method
for controlling excessive algae growth. This method has been extensively studied
by Dr. Jonathan Newman at the Centre for Aquatic Plant Management in Great
Britain. This page summarizes the use of barley straw based on Dr. Newman's work
and our experiences in Pennsylvania. When applied at the proper time and rate,
barley straw has been a very successful algae control technique in Pennsylvania
ponds.
How does it work?
Barley straw does not kill
existing algae, but it inhibits the new growth of algae. The exact mechanism is
poorly understood, but it seems that barley straw, when exposed to sunlight and
in the presence of oxygen, produces a chemical that inhibits algae growth.
Barley straw does not reduce the growth of other aquatic plants. In
fact, in some cases aquatic plant growth has increased after barley straw
applications because algae are no longer present to compete with the aquatic
plants.
When should it be applied?
Barley straw is most
effective when applied early in the year prior to the appearance of algae (fall
through early spring). When applied to cold water (less than 50°F), it may take
six to eight weeks for the straw to begin producing the active chemicals that
inhibit algae growth. If the straw is applied to warmer water (above 70°F), it
may become effective in as little as one to two weeks. In any case, barley straw
remains effective for approximately six months after application.
How much straw?
The most common application is about two
to three bales per surface acre of pond (or about 10 to 25 grams of straw per
square meter of pond area). The depth of water in the pond is not important. In
ponds that are frequently muddy or those that have a history of heavy algae
growth, two or three times this recommended dose may be required for the initial
treatment. However, overdosing the pond with barley straw may cause fish kills
because the straw deoxygenates the water as it decays. This is especially a
problem if the pond is overdosed with straw during a prolonged warm spell.
How to apply the straw?
The straw is most effective when
applied loosely in cages or netting. It is best to anchor the straw packages to
the bottom, but provide a float to keep the straw near the surface of the pond
where sunlight and oxygen are more prevalent. Apply the straw at several
locations around the pond and especially near the water source if a spring or
stream feeds the pond. In small garden ponds, small nets or nylon stockings can
be used to hold the small amounts of straw needed.
Where can I get barley straw?
Finding a local supplier
of barley straw can sometimes be difficult. You might consult with private and
government agencies that work with local farmers, such as farm supply companies,
extension offices, and Conservation District offices, to determine if barley
straw is locally available. In addition, several suppliers are available online
(just type "barley straw" in your favorite search engine).
