Table 2.5-8. Suggested insecticides, rates, and restrictions for small-grain insect control

R after the insecticide name indicates that the compound has a restricted use label.
O indicates that the pesticide is labeled for organic use. However, check with your organic certifier to be sure that the material is allowed for your organic system.
For Certified Organic insect control materials, refer to the Organic Materials Review Institute materials list at www.omri.org or call 514-343-7600 or check with your local certifier and see www.ams.usda.gov/nop/.
Pesticide use can many times be avoided by using a combination of pest management methods. Part I, Section 11, “Organic Crop Production,” and Part II, Section 1, “Pest Management” to learn about IPM programs and methods for organic production.
Most of these products are highly toxic to bees and many other beneficial insect species. See labels for details.

**Table 2.5-8. Suggested insecticides, rates, and restrictions for small-grain insect control.**
Pest	Insecticide	Rate/A		Restrictions		Comments (Read label for dosage, method, and limitations)
Pest	Insecticide	Formulated	Active	Harvest (days)	Reentry (hours)	Comments (Read label for dosage, method, and limitations)
Aphids: corn leaf and English grain Threshold: Fall: 25 aphids/ft of row. Spring: 100 aphids/ft of row.	cyfluthrin R (Baythroid 2)	1.8 to 2.4 oz	0.028 to 0.038 lb	30	12	Registered for wheat. A maximum of two applications are allowed per season.
	or
	dimethoate	Various formulations				Many companies carry this product; check individual labels.
	or
	endosulfan R	0.33 to 1.0 qt	0.50 to 0.75 lb	—	24	Do not apply after heads begin to form. Registered on wheat, barley, oats, and rye.
	or
	gamma-cyhalothrin R (Proaxis)	1.92 to 3.2 oz	0.008 to 0.012 lb	45	24	Do not apply more than 0.48 pt per season. Registered on wheat, barley, oats, and rye.
	or
	lambda-cyhalothrin R (Warrior and Warrior II) (Taiga Z) (Mystic Z)	1.92 to 2.56 oz	0.02 to 0.03 lb	30	24	Registered for wheat, wheat hay, and triticale. Warrior II uses half the rate of Warrior.
	or
	Malathion	Many formulations are available. See the label for specific uses, rates, restrictions, and specific small grain crops.		Variable	12	Only for English grain aphid. Relatively low toxicity to humans.
	or
	methomyl R					Registered for use on barley, oats, rye, and wheat. Do not apply more than 1.8 lb ai/acre, or more than 4 applications/crop.
	(Lannate 90SP)	0.25 to 0.5 lb	0.23 to 0.45 lb	7	48
	(Lannate LV)	0.75 to 1.5 pt
	or
	methomyl parathionR (Penncap-M)	2 to 3 pt	0.50 to 0.75 lb	15	4 days	Registered for barley, oats, and wheat.
	or
	zeta-cypermethrin R (Mustang Max)	3.2 to 4.0 oz	0.02 to 0.025 lb	14	14	Do not apply more than 0.15 lb ai per season. Registered on wheat and triticale.
	Seed Treatment
	imidacloprid (Gaucho)	0.8 to 3 oz per 100 lbs of seed				Registered on barley, oats, rye, triticale, and wheat. Product comes in at least two strengths (e.g., Gaucho 480 & 600); be sure to check labels for specific doses or treatment recommendations.
	thiamethoxan (Cruiser 5FS)	0.75 to 1.33 oz per 100 lbs of seed				Registered on wheat and barley. Helps prevent spread of aphid-borne viruses.
Armyworm Threshold: 6 larvae/sq ft	Bacillus thuringiensis O	Many products are available. See specific directions for use.				May not be as effective as other compounds, but it offers a biological alternative.
	or
	carbaryl (Sevin)	Many formulations available. See label for specific uses, rates, and restrictions.		21	12	Registered for use on wheat and proso millet.
	or
	cyfluthrin R (Baythroid 2E)	1.8 to 2.4 oz	0.028 to 0.038 lb	30	12	Registered for wheat. Maximum allowed per crop season is 11.2 oz of material.
	or
	gamma-cyhalothrin R (Proaxis)	1.92 to 3.2 oz	0.0075 to 0.012 lb	45	24	Do not apply more than 0.48 pt per season. Registered for wheat, wheat hay, and triticale.
	or
	lambda-cyhalothrin R (Warrior and Warrior II) (Taiga Z) (Mystic Z)	1.28 to 3.84 oz	0.02 to 0.03 lb	30	24	Registered for wheat, wheat hay, and triticale. Warrior II uses half the rate of Warrior.
	or
	malathion	Many formulations available. See the label for specific uses, rates, restrictions, and specific crop.				Relatively low toxicity to humans and animals. Registered for barley, oats, rye, and wheat.
	or
	methomyl R					Do not graze livestock or use for livestock feed within 10 days of last application. Registered for barley, oats, rye, and wheat.
	(Lannate 90SP)	0.25 to 0.50 lb	0.23 to 0.45 lb	7	48
	(Lannate LV)	0.75 to 1.50 pt
	or
	methyl parathion R (Penncap-M)	2 to 3 pt	0.5 to 0.75 lb	15	4 days	Registered for barley, oats, and wheat.
	or
	spinosad (Entrust) O (Tracer) (Blackhawk)	1 to 2 oz	0.05 to 0.10 lb	21	4	Do not apply within 21 days of grain or straw harvest or within 4 days of forage or hay harvest. Registered on wheat, barley, buckwheat, rye, oats, and triticale. Does not harm beneficial insect complex in field.
	or
	zeta-cypermethrin R (Mustang Max)	1.76 to 4.0 oz	0.011 to 0.025	21	12	Do not apply more than 0.125 lb ai per season. Registered on wheat and triticale.
Cereal leaf beetle Threshold: Oats: One or more larvae over 0.13 inches long/stem or flag leaf, and damage is evident.	carbaryl (Sevin)	Several formulations are available. See label for rates.		21	12	Registered for use on wheat. Do not apply when foilage is wet or when rain is excessive
	or
	gamma-cyhalothrin R (Proaxis)	2.56 to 3.84 oz	0.01 to 0.015 lb	45	24	Do not apply more than 0.48 pt per season. Registered on wheat, wheat hay, and triticale.
	or
	lamda-cyhalothrin R (Warrior and Warrior II) (Taiga Z) (Mystic Z)	1.28 to 3.84 oz	0.02 to 0.03 lb	30	24	Registered for wheat, wheat hay, and triticale. Warrior II uses half the rate of Warrior.
	or
	malathion	Many formulations are available. See the label for specific uses, rates, restrictions, and specific crop.				Relatively low toxicity to humans and animals. Registered for barley, oats, rye, and wheat.
	or
	methomyl R					Registered for use on barley, oats, rye, and wheat. Do not apply more than 1.8 ai/acre, or more than 4 applications/crop.
	(Lannate 90SP)	0.25 to 0.50 lb	0.23 to 0.45 lb	7	48
	(Lannate LV)	0.75 to 1.5 pt
	or
	spinosad (Entrust) O (Tracer) (Blackhawk)	0.5 to 2.0 oz	0.025 to 0.10 lb	21	4	Do not apply within 21 days of grain or straw harvest or within 14 days of forage or hay harvest. Registered on wheat, barley, buckwheat, rye, oats, and triticale.
	or
	zeta-cypermethrin R (Mustang Max)	1.76 to 4.0 oz	0.011 to 0.025	21	12	Do not apply more than 0.125 lb ai per season. Registered for wheat and triticale.
Hessian fly	No insecticide control is suggested; use of Hessian fly-free dates and resistant varieties is typically sufficient, however, the following seed treatments are labeled:
	imidacloprid (Gaucho)	0.8 to 3 oz per 100 lb of seed				Registered on barley, oats, rye, triticale, and wheat. Product comes in at least two strengths (e.g., Gaucho 480 & 600); be sure to check labels for specific doses or treatment recommendations.
	thiamethoxam (Cruiser 5FS)	0.75 to 1.33 oz per 100 lb of seed				Commercially applied. Not for planter-box treatment.
Slugs	metaldehyde (Deadline M-Ps) (Metarex)	10 lb	0.4 lb	0	12	See comments in corn section Table 2.2-20. All cereal grains.
Wireworm	Seed Treatments
	clothianidin (NipsIt)	1.28 oz per 100 lb of seed				Commercially applied systemic insecticide. Early season protection on barley, oats, and wheat from overwintered population only. Will not prevent later season problems.
	thiamethoxam (Cruiser MAXX Cereals)	0.75 to 1.33 oz per 100 lb of seed				Commercially applied systemic insecticide to barley, triticale, wheat. Claims suppression of wireworm only.

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