Constipation in Children

Many of us have experienced constipation at some point in our lives. When we think about constipation the elderly population and drinking lots of prune juice most likely comes to mind. Unfortunately, there is another population that suffers from constipation. This group is children and the number of those affected is consistently growing. On any given day, 10% of children will suffer from constipation. Those most affected will range in age from 1 to 9 years old. Constipation symptoms may be so severe that the child must be admitted to the hospital, requiring an enema. Across the nation 100,000 hospital admissions are reported annually. In most cases, the problem can be prevented with a few lifestyle modifications. Functional constipation, meaning there are no obvious causes, affects 95% of children with constipation.

To prevent functional constipation, there are a few modifications that can be made:

1. High fiber. Consuming foods high in fiber like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains will help with having easier and softer bowel movements.
2. Staying hydrated. It is recommended that children drink 8-10 cups of fluid a day. This can be water, juice, or tea. Drinking too much milk is not recommended since milk can agitate and prolong constipation. Children should only drink 2 cups of milk per day.
3. Physical activity. Staying active is important for keeping bowel movements regular. The Center for Disease Control recommends that children have at least 60 minutes of physical activity daily.

A child may be incapable of telling you they are constipated. Therefore, watch for these warning signs:

• No bowel movement for several days
• Pain while using the bathroom
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Poor appetite
• Soiled underwear
• Bloody stools
• Cranky behavior

There are many possible causes of constipation. The most common is lack of fluids and fiber. If a child is not drinking enough fluids, their bowels become backed up, making it difficult to pass their stools. Likewise, without dietary fiber from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains the stool will become hard and un-passable. Another cause of constipation is a child’s inability or unwillingness to follow body cues. This may be due to a previous painful bowel movement, fear of public toilets, or other reasons, resulting in an aversion to going to the bathroom. Constipation can also occur with life changes. Certain changes will affect the child’s bowel patterns. Times to pay attention to include: going on vacation, beginning a new school year, stressful situations, or changes in weather.

Constipation is a major problem in children today. It can be very traumatic for the child and it is important to take care of the problem right away. Following the lifestyle modifications mentioned may help to prevent and alleviate the symptoms of constipation.

Erica Italiano is a Penn State Dietetic Intern with Penn State Extension. Penn State is committed to affirmative action, equal opportunity, and the diversity of its workforce.
email eitaliano@msn.com.